^^^ That is, a musical/electrical keyboard (not a computer keyboard).
A detailed explanation would be greatly appreciated! Like, what are the functions and the special features of each type? Is it true that with the workstation you can only play along?
Most importantly!!!: Which keyboard is best if I want to write and record my own music and layer them on top of each other to make a song with multiple instrumental parts?
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The workstation will have a built in sequencer, so you don't really need an external program like logic or cubase to write songs with.
The workstation is preloaded with sounds like drums,piano,wind,strings.
It is not true. You can play along if you have music programed it into the sequencer but it can be used as a stand alone instrument.
They come in 61,76 and 88 key variations,regular or weighted keys(feels more like a piano).
Synths are usually used for making your owns sounds and sound shaping. They don't always have keys or have only an octave or two.
Keyboards by Korg or Kurzweil have some of the best keys and sounds out there imo, but they can be costly up to 10,000.
Check out musiciansfriend.com,music123.com,zzsound.com they have sections just for keys and computer recording.Prices are about the same
between them.
To record your music you will need a multi tracking program like logic or cubase as the keyboards don't record audio.
Logic is Mac only
Cubase is both Mac and Windows
Search for multitrack software there are free ones out there.
Is the keyboard your main instrument?
Hope this helps a bit.